基督生命堂

专题信息｜第二场 | 神的守护与自然主义

9月6日

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朱志山牧师

经文: 创50:19-20; 罗8:28; 申8:1-5

课题: 神的主权, 预定论与自由意志, 与神的关系/认识神，认识自己, 苦难与试炼, 谦卑与骄傲,

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在基督教神学里，有一个非常重要的术语，就是「神的守护」。所谓神的守护，指的就是那看不见的神，以祂全然的公义、慈爱与智慧在管理整个世界。因此严格来说，这宇宙世界里没有一件事情是在偶然或巧合当中发生的，也没有一件事情是人定意要造成而成的。. 一切都在神主权性的旨意里发生。确实，神是创造与带领属灵世界与现象世界的《创1:1》。祂也是掌控所有国家大事与朝政的《诗66:7》。祂也断定人的命运《加1:15》，人的成败《路1:52》，也当然是那位保护与祝福祂子民的神《民6:24》。那么，这一切信念的相反就是「自然主义」。自然主义不相信一切所发生的背后有一位上帝无形的双手，反倒相信一切都在巧合或者自然定律的可能性里发生。这就如同当我们问为什么新加坡这么兴盛？信自然主义的人都会说那是因为这么凑巧的有一个非常有本事与果敢的人物（新加坡的国父）出现，带着魄力，也侥幸遇到一群志同道合的人与他一同建国。因为时势造英雄，因此他们成功了。或者当人问为何这新冠病毒现在会感染全球呢？答复就是因为这么不幸的，在中国武汉这地方开始，这病毒就这样不为人所知的从动物传开了。这些的说法都是源自自然主义，且是不信神之人的信念。所谓自然主义讲说的就是一切所发生的都是因自然的特性与原因造成的。可能是因某某情况出现，某某人这么想，某某人这么做，之后就演变成现在的结果。在自然主义里，人相信一切都是“可能性”的，但在神的守护里，我们相信一切都是“必然性”的。没有一件事情外出神的掌管与许可。其实，一个真正的基督徒应该全然相信神的守护，但是在接受这论点时，信徒常常面对两个很难解开的观念。第一是因为我们晓得神是良善的。因此当我们若说一切都在神的守护时，我们不禁会问说现在人的犯罪与世界里有这么多不公正的事难道都是在神的守护吗？因此，我们便容易将发生在人身上比较好或正面的事情归功于神的守护。至于比较不好或罪恶的事情，我们就归咎与撒旦的工作。最普遍的例子就是我们常会看见信徒因自己健康或病得医治来感谢主，然后在面对疾病时，就奉主耶稣的名要赶逐病魔或什么病痛的灵。因此，我们就将消极的归给撒旦，积极的归给上帝。这其实是普遍信徒的观念。但试问若信徒只是带着这样的观念，他活在这空中掌权首领与罪恶充满的世界里又怎么能活在安然里面呢？他心里一定怀有“万一”的观念。如同：“万一不好的事发生在我身上，怎么办呢？”或者，他又怎么解释与对应目前发生在自己身上的一些不乐观的事呢？他怎么在病痛、困苦、挫败、软弱中仍然能够赞美主恩呢？另外，在接受神完整的守护里，人另一个障碍就是因他活在看得见的现象世界里，一睁开眼睛，所看到的是属世的环境与造成各种环境的人的活动。因此，一旦有一样现象性的事件发生，人很难会去设想到属灵的因素。很多信徒因此没有习惯性的以「神的守护」的事实来察看与确认万事。唯有在危机的时候迫切的哀求，盼望神快快将我们从困境中拯救出来，或是改变现在不乐观的情况，但在一般生活行事、为人、做决定，根本没有以神的守护为判断的根基。我们如同是将神当做一个很被动的观众，在观看世界一切的发生。试想若我们的信仰对神的守护是这样模糊的认识的话，我们又怎么能在这世界各种的危险和患难中单一的呼求主呢？我们又怎能成为一个凡事依靠主的人，且将一切交在祂良善的主权呢？

In Christian theology, there is a very important term called “the providence of God”. The so-called providence of God refers to the invisible God managing the entire world with His complete righteousness, love and wisdom. Therefore, strictly speaking, nothing in this world happens by chance or coincidence, and nothing is accomplished solely by humans setting their minds to it. Everything happens by the sovereign will of God. Indeed, God is the One who created and leads the spiritual and physical worlds <Gen 1:1>. He is also the One who controls all national and state affairs <Ps 66:7>. He also determines the destiny of man <Gal. 1:15>, man's success or failure <Lk 1:52>, and of course, He is the God who protects and blesses His people <Num 6:24>. Now, the opposite of this entire belief is “naturalism”. Naturalism does not believe that behind everything that happens, there are the invisible hands of a God, but it believes that everything happens by chance or by the possibilities within the natural law. It is similar to us asking why is Singapore so prosperous? People who believe in naturalism would say we are fortunate to have a very capable and resolute figure (the founding father of Singapore) who emerged with boldness, and by chance, met a group of likeminded people to build the country with him. Heroes are born out of the right circumstances, hence they succeeded. Or when people ask why is this novel coronavirus now infecting the whole world? The answer is, because unfortunately, in this place in Wuhan, China, the virus spread unbeknown to humans from animals. These answers all originated from naturalism, and they are the viewpoints of people who do not believe in God. The so-called naturalism holds the view that everything happens because of natural characteristics and causes. It could be because of a certain situation, a certain person thinks so, and a certain person does this, and then it becomes the current result. In naturalism, people believe that everything is a “possibility”, but under the providence of God, we believe that everything is “definite”. Nothing goes out of God's control and permission. In fact, a true Christian should fully believe in the providence of God, but in accepting this view, believers often face two concepts that are difficult to unravel. The first is because we know that God is good. Therefore, when we say that everything is by the providence of God, we inevitably ask if the sins of mankind and so much injustice in the world are also the providence of God. Therefore, it is easy for us to attribute good or positive things that happen to people to God’s providence. As for the bad or sinful things, we blame them as the work of Satan. The most common example that we often see is believers thanking the Lord because of their health or their illnesses being healed. But when facing illnesses, they would cast out sickness or spirit that causes pain and illness in the name of the Lord Jesus. Therefore, we attribute the negative to Satan and the positive to God. This is actually the concept common among believers. But think about it, if a believer only has such a concept, how can he live in peace under the ruler of the kingdom of the air and in a world filled with sin and evil? He would have the idea of “what if” in his heart, like, “What if something bad happens to me, then what would I do?” Or, how does he explain and respond to some unoptimistic things that happen to him? How can he still praise the Lord's grace despite his illness, suffering, failure and weakness? In addition, in accepting the complete providence of God, another barrier for man is because he lives in a visible world. When he opens his eyes, he sees the worldly environment and the activities of people who create various environments. Therefore, once a phenomenon occurs, it is difficult for people to attribute it to spiritual factors. Therefore, many believers do not have the habit to observe and confirm everything by the truth of “God’s providence”. Only in times of crisis, we earnestly plead, hoping that God will quickly rescue us from the predicament, or change the current situation that is not optimistic, but in general living, we act, behave, and make decisions without using God’s providence as the basis of our judgment. We see God as though He is a passive spectator, watching everything that is happening in the world. Think about it, if our faith has such a vague understanding of the providence of God, how can we solely call upon the Lord amidst the various dangers and tribulations we face in this world? How can we become a person who trusts in the Lord for everything and surrenders everything to His good sovereignty?

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